While the ocean may seem impossibly vast, human caused climate change may have begun to kick off a mass extinction on a scale never seen before on Earth. The combined effects of warming, deoxygenation, and acidification are wreaking havoc on these vast sections of earth - and the animals that live in it (maybe dooming us in the process). Join us this week as we explore how carbon dioxide (and our role in releasing it) is destroying the world's oceans and may ultimately leave us all dead in the water.
Links
@Misc{dodd_2008, author = {Dodd, Scott}, title = {DMS: The Climate Gas Youve Never Heard Of}, month = {Jul}, year = {2008}, journal = {Oceanus Magazine}, publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanic Institution}, url = {https://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/feature/dms--the-climate-gas-youve-never-heard-of}, }
@Misc{williams_2009, author = {Williams, Andrew}, title = {Green Algae Bloom Process Could Stop Global Warming}, month = {Jan}, year = {2009}, journal = {CleanTechnica}, url = {https://cleantechnica.com/2009/01/04/green-algae-bloom-process-could-stop-global-warming/}, }
@Misc{thenationaloceanpolicycoalition_2017, author = {World Bank}, title = {Oceans Impact the Economy}, month = {Jun}, year = {2017}, journal = {The National Ocean Policy Coalition}, publisher = {World Bank}, url = {http://oceanpolicy.com/about-our-oceans/oceans-impact-the-economy/}, }
@Misc{nopc, author = {NOPC}, title = {Oceans Impact the Economy}, year = {2010}, journal = {The National Ocean Policy Coalition}, url = {http://oceanpolicy.com/about-our-oceans/oceans-impact-the-economy/}, }
@Misc{noaa_2008, author = {NOAA}, title = {How important is the ocean to our economy?}, month = {Oct}, year = {2008}, journal = {NOAA's National Ocean Service}, url = {https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/oceaneconomy.html}, }
@Misc{yale_2016, author = {Yale}, title = {How Climate Change Could Jam The World's Ocean Circulation}, month = {Sep}, year = {2016}, journal = {Yale E360}, url = {https://e360.yale.edu/features/will_climate_change_jam_the_global_ocean_conveyor_belt}, }
@Misc{ncar_2011, author = {NCAR}, title = {Melting Arctic Sea Ice and Ocean Circulation}, year = {2011}, journal = {National Center for Atmospheric Research}, url = {https://scied.ucar.edu/longcontent/melting-arctic-sea-ice-and-ocean-circulation}, }
@Article{koslow_goericke_lara-lopez_watson_2011, author = {Koslow, Ja and Goericke, R and Lara-Lopez, A and Watson, W}, title = {Impact of declining intermediate-water oxygen on deepwater fishes in the California Current}, journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series}, year = {2011}, volume = {436}, pages = {207–218}, doi = {10.3354/meps09270}, }
@Misc{nace_2017, author = {Nace, Trevor}, title = {Global Ocean Circulation Appears To Be Collapsing Due To A Warming Planet}, month = {Aug}, year = {2017}, journal = {Forbes}, publisher = {Forbes Magazine}, url = {https://www.forbes.com/sites/trevornace/2017/08/03/global-ocean-circulation-appears-to-be-collapsing-due-to-a-warming-planet/#183bdcd7f6f4}, }
@Article{sekerci_petrovskii_2015, author = {Sekerci, Yadigar and Petrovskii, Sergei}, title = {Mathematical Modelling of Plankton–Oxygen Dynamics Under the Climate Change}, journal = {Bulletin of Mathematical Biology}, year = {2015}, volume = {77}, number = {12}, pages = {2325–2353}, doi = {10.1007/s11538-015-0126-0}, }
@Misc{welch_2015, author = {Welch, Craig}, title = {Oceans Are Losing Oxygen-and Becoming More Hostile to Life}, month = {Mar}, year = {2015}, journal = {National Geographic}, publisher = {National Geographic Society}, url = {https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/03/150313-oceans-marine-life-climate-change-acidification-oxygen-fish/}, }
@Article{gilly_beman_litvin_robison_2013, author = {Gilly, William F. and Beman, J. Michael and Litvin, Steven Y. and Robison, Bruce H.}, title = {Oceanographic and Biological Effects of Shoaling of the Oxygen Minimum Zone}, journal = {Annual Review of Marine Science}, year = {2013}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {393–420}, month = {Mar}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-marine-120710-100849}, }
@Article{stramma_schmidtko_levin_johnson_2010, author = {Stramma, Lothar and Schmidtko, Sunke and Levin, Lisa A. and Johnson, Gregory C.}, title = {Ocean oxygen minima expansions and their biological impacts}, journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers}, year = {2010}, volume = {57}, number = {4}, pages = {587–595}, doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2010.01.005}, }
@Article{ekau_auel_pörtner_gilbert_2010, author = {Ekau, W. and Auel, H. and Pörtner, H.-O. and Gilbert, D.}, title = {Impacts of hypoxia on the structure and processes in pelagic communities (zooplankton, macro-invertebrates and fish)}, journal = {Biogeosciences}, year = {2010}, volume = {7}, number = {5}, pages = {1669–1699}, doi = {10.5194/bg-7-1669-2010}, }
@Article{moffitt_moffitt_sauthoff_davis_hewett_hill_2015, author = {Moffitt, Sarah E. and Moffitt, Russell A. and Sauthoff, Wilson and Davis, Catherine V. and Hewett, Kathryn and Hill, Tessa M.}, title = {Paleoceanographic Insights on Recent Oxygen Minimum Zone Expansion: Lessons for Modern Oceanography}, journal = {Plos One}, year = {2015}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0115246}, url = {http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0115246}, }
@Article{prince_goodyear_2006, author = {Prince, Eric D. and Goodyear, C. Phillip}, title = {Hypoxia-based habitat compression of tropical pelagic fishes}, journal = {Fisheries Oceanography}, year = {2006}, volume = {15}, number = {6}, pages = {451–464}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00393.x}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00393.x/abstract}, }
@Article{bograd_castro_lorenzo_palacios_bailey_gilly_chavez_2008, author = {Bograd, Steven J. and Castro, Carmen G. and Lorenzo, Emanuele Di and Palacios, Daniel M. and Bailey, Helen and Gilly, William and Chavez, Francisco P.}, title = {Oxygen declines and the shoaling of the hypoxic boundary in the California Current}, journal = {Geophysical Research Letters}, year = {2008}, volume = {35}, number = {12}, doi = {10.1029/2008gl034185}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008GL034185/abstract}, }
@Article{stramma_prince_schmidtko_luo_hoolihan_visbeck_wallace_brandt_kortzinger_2012, author = {Stramma, Lothar and Prince, Eric D and Schmidtko, Sunke and Luo, Jiangang and Hoolihan, John P and Visbeck, Martin and Wallace, Douglas WR and Brandt, Peter and Kortzinger, Arne}, title = {Expansion of oxygen minimum zones may reduce available habitat for tropical pelagic fishes}, journal = {Nature - Climate Change}, year = {2012}, volume = {2}, pages = {33–37}, month = {Jan}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate1304.epdf?referrer_access_token=CNc2z-zpu1XBgkALnDNBjNRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0OGwD93nvwb633Z8KfXxzL3sOWV7Jy2xOjz0Xr-zAAuWhadjcJEpgMkuy03xOiS3zi_P14nPYRPubZgV4AMHmQsUQXhhRreYgZ2wQXo8ltRk5LmCx8MVTJEu6CCpdiak5qW4JlyZAbR2XuPRxm0kl_c6ROwXvmDdOF5E_y6dvGkUw%3D%3D&tracking_referrer=news.nationalgeographic.com}, }
@Article{seibel_2010, author = {Seibel, B. A.}, title = {Critical oxygen levels and metabolic suppression in oceanic oxygen minimum zones}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology}, year = {2010}, volume = {214}, number = {2}, pages = {326–336}, doi = {10.1242/jeb.049171}, url = {http://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/214/2/326.full.pdf}, }
@Article{diaz_rosenberg_2008, author = {Diaz, R. J. and Rosenberg, R.}, title = {Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems}, journal = {Science}, year = {2008}, volume = {321}, number = {5891}, pages = {926–929}, doi = {10.1126/science.1156401}, url = {http://science.sciencemag.org/content/321/5891/926}, }
@Article{bograd_castro_lorenzo_palacios_bailey_gilly_chavez_2008, author = {Bograd, Steven J. and Castro, Carmen G. and Lorenzo, Emanuele Di and Palacios, Daniel M. and Bailey, Helen and Gilly, William and Chavez, Francisco P.}, title = {Oxygen declines and the shoaling of the hypoxic boundary in the California Current}, journal = {Geophysical Research Letters}, year = {2008}, volume = {35}, number = {12}, doi = {10.1029/2008gl034185}, url = {http://cce.lternet.edu/docs/bibliography/Public/054ccelter.pdf}, }
@Article{doi:10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163855, author = {Ralph F. Keeling and Arne Körtzinger and Nicolas Gruber}, title = {Ocean Deoxygenation in a Warming World}, journal = {Annual Review of Marine Science}, year = {2010}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {199-229}, note = {PMID: 21141663}, abstract = { Ocean warming and increased stratification of the upper ocean caused by global climate change will likely lead to declines in dissolved O2 in the ocean interior (ocean deoxygenation) with implications for ocean productivity, nutrient cycling, carbon cycling, and marine habitat. Ocean models predict declines of 1 to 7\% in the global ocean O2 inventory over the next century, with declines continuing for a thousand years or more into the future. An important consequence may be an expansion in the area and volume of so-called oxygen minimum zones, where O2 levels are too low to support many macrofauna and profound changes in biogeochemical cycling occur. Significant deoxygenation has occurred over the past 50 years in the North Pacific and tropical oceans, suggesting larger changes are looming. The potential for larger O2 declines in the future suggests the need for an improved observing system for tracking ocean O2 changes. }, doi = {10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163855}, eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163855}, url = { https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163855
}, }
@Article{sperling_frieder_ramman_girguis_levin_knoll_2013, author = {Sperling, Erik A and Frieder, Christina A and Ramman, Akkur V and Girguis, Peter R and Levin, Lisa A and Knoll, Andrew H}, title = {Oxygen, ecology, and the Cambrian radiation of animals}, journal = {PNAS}, year = {2013}, volume = {110}, pages = {13446–13451}, month = {Jul}, url = {http://www.pnas.org/content/110/33/13446.short}, }
@Article{hazen_jorgensen_rykaczewksi_brograd_foley_jonsen_shaffer_dunne_costa_2013, author = {Hazen, Elliot L and Jorgensen, Salvador and Rykaczewksi, Ryan R and Brograd, Steven J and Foley, David G and Jonsen, Ian D and Shaffer, Scott A and Dunne, John P and Costa, Daniel P}, title = {Predicted habitat shifts of Pacific top predators in a changing climate}, journal = {Nature - Climate Change}, year = {2013}, volume = {3}, pages = {234–238}, month = {Mar}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate1686.epdf?referrer_access_token=wffkLfLpDYHjBRAMV2nl-9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0OiKgQ6HJfOewLSkJb2Cw8vidFpx5VkiHrJw29d6NaGPZ5SIb_betQ-mFBCv2x5Jz4PY_ZkPDFA3BKI2Jz2kOhE1dk6SU6j3KQwhS9-xj2LETmeB2XzFRLH16saCcumAG2YPWPieNJ8jX-M3PAD7uqz7hhLM--OhncAtSI-9lsg%3D%3D&tracking_referrer=news.nationalgeographic.com}, }
@Article{rosa_seibel_2008, author = {Rosa, R. and Seibel, B. A.}, title = {Synergistic effects of climate-related variables suggest future physiological impairment in a top oceanic predator}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, year = {2008}, volume = {105}, number = {52}, pages = {20776–20780}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.0806886105}, url = {http://www.pnas.org/content/105/52/20776}, }
@Article{stewart_hazen_bograd_byrnes_foley_gilly_robison_field_2014, author = {Stewart, Julia S. and Hazen, Elliott L. and Bograd, Steven J. and Byrnes, Jarrett E. K. and Foley, David G. and Gilly, William F. and Robison, Bruce H. and Field, John C.}, title = {Combined climate- and prey-mediated range expansion of Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas), a large marine predator in the California Current System}, journal = {Global Change Biology}, year = {2014}, volume = {20}, number = {6}, pages = {1832–1843}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.12502}, url = {https://people.ucsc.edu/~elhazen/hazen/Publications_files/Stewart%20et%20al.%202014%20-%20GCB.pdf}, }
@Misc{romm_2017, author = {Romm, Joe}, title = {Carbon pollution is suffocating ocean life and speeding up the next mass extinction}, month = {May}, year = {2017}, journal = {ThinkProgress}, url = {https://thinkprogress.org/oxygen-levels-falling-2-to-3-times-faster-than-predicted-in-our-warming-oceans-7c1e9b48cd42/}, }
@Misc{merchant_2015, author = {Merchant, Brian}, title = {The Last Time Oceans Got This Acidic This Fast, 96% of Marine Life Went Extinct}, month = {Apr}, year = {2015}, journal = {Vice}, url = {https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/ypw4db/the-last-time-our-oceans-got-this-acidic-it-drove-earths-greatest-extinction}, }
@Article{Clarkson229, author = {Clarkson, M. O. and Kasemann, S. A. and Wood, R. A. and Lenton, T. M. and Daines, S. J. and Richoz, S. and Ohnemueller, F. and Meixner, A. and Poulton, S. W. and Tipper, E. T.}, title = {Ocean acidification and the Permo-Triassic mass extinction}, journal = {Science}, year = {2015}, volume = {348}, number = {6231}, pages = {229--232}, issn = {0036-8075}, doi = {10.1126/science.aaa0193}, eprint = {http://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6231/229.full.pdf}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, url = {http://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6231/229}, }
@Misc{merchant_2014, author = {Merchant, Brian}, title = {The Pacific Ocean Has Become Acidic Enough to Dissolve Sea Snails' Shells}, month = {May}, year = {2014}, journal = {Vice}, url = {https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/4x3x8n/our-acidic-oceans-dissolve-sea-snails-shells-as-soon-as-theyre-born}, }
@Misc{giggs_2017, author = {Giggs, Rebecca}, title = {Imagining the Jellyfish Apocalypse}, month = {Dec}, year = {2017}, journal = {The Atlantic}, publisher = {Atlantic Media Company}, url = {https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2018/01/listening-to-jellyfish/546542/}, }
@Article{bednarek_feely_reum_peterson_menkel_alin_hales_2014, author = {Bednar Ek, N. and Feely, R. A. and Reum, J. C. P. and Peterson, B. and Menkel, J. and Alin, S. R. and Hales, B.}, title = {Limacina helicina shell dissolution as an indicator of declining habitat suitability owing to ocean acidification in the California Current Ecosystem}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences}, year = {2014}, volume = {281}, number = {1785}, pages = {20140123–20140123}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2014.0123}, url = {http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/281/1785/20140123}, }
@Article{mongin_baird_tillbrook_matear_lenton_herzfeld_wild-allen_skerratt_margvelashvili_robson_etal._2016, author = {Mongin, Mathieu and Baird, Mark E and Tillbrook, Bronte and Matear, Richard J and Lenton, Andrew and Herzfeld, Mike and Wild-Allen, Karen and Skerratt, Jenny and Margvelashvili, Nugzar and Robson, Barbara J and et al.}, title = {The exposure of the Great Barrier Reef to ocean acidification}, journal = {Nature Communications}, year = {2016}, volume = {7}, month = {Feb}, doi = {10.1038/ncomms10732}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms10732}, }
@Misc{chu_2015, author = {Chu, Jennifer}, title = {Ocean acidification may cause dramatic changes to phytoplankton}, month = {Jul}, year = {2015}, journal = {Phys.org}, publisher = {MIT}, url = {https://phys.org/news/2015-07-ocean-acidification-phytoplankton.html}, }
@Misc{aap_2015, author = {AAP}, title = {Demand for omega-3 wiping out krill stocks: Sea Shepherd}, month = {Jul}, year = {2015}, journal = {The Age}, publisher = {The Age}, url = {http://www.theage.com.au/environment/whale-watch/call-for-omega3-alternatives-20150702-gi3o7n}, }
@Misc{harvey_2013, author = {Harvey, Fiona}, title = {Rate of ocean acidification due to carbon emissions is at highest for 300m years}, month = {Oct}, year = {2013}, journal = {The Guardian}, publisher = {Guardian News and Media}, url = {https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/oct/03/ocean-acidification-carbon-dioxide-emissions-levels}, }
@Misc{harvey_2017, author = {Harvey, Fiona}, title = {Ocean acidification is deadly threat to marine life, finds eight-year study}, month = {Oct}, year = {2017}, journal = {The Guardian}, publisher = {Guardian News and Media}, url = {https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/oct/23/ocean-acidification-deadly-threat-to-marine-life-finds-eight-year-study}, }
@Misc{harvey_2017, author = {Harvey, ClimateWire Chelsea}, title = {Melting Ice Could Mess Up Deep-Sea Chemistry}, month = {Nov}, year = {2017}, journal = {Scientific American}, url = {https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/melting-ice-could-mess-up-deep-sea-chemistry/}, }
@Misc{harvey_2013, author = {Harvey, Fiona}, title = {Rising levels of acids in seas may endanger marine life, says study}, month = {Aug}, year = {2013}, journal = {The Guardian}, publisher = {Guardian News and Media}, url = {https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/aug/25/rising-acid-levels-seas-endanger-marine-poertner}, }
@Misc{central_2016, author = {Central, Brian Kahn Climate}, title = {Florida Reefs Begin to Dissolve Much Sooner Than Expected}, month = {May}, year = {2016}, journal = {Scientific American}, url = {https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/florida-reefs-begin-to-dissolve-much-sooner-than-expected/}, }
@Misc{harrabin_2017, author = {Harrabin, Roger}, title = {More acidic oceans 'will affect all sea life'}, month = {Oct}, year = {2017}, journal = {BBC News}, publisher = {BBC}, url = {http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-41653511}, }
Credits
Daniel Forkner & David Torcivia
Special Thanks:
Michael Torcivia
Published 11-01-2018 03:01